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Post by Max on Jul 4, 2005 5:49:56 GMT -5
The gp330/Megalin/LRP-2 protein belongs to the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family and is believed to function as an endocytic receptor for the uptake of lipoproteins and many other ligands. Other functions of this protein may include a role in calcium sensing in the parathyroid glands and other tissues [1]. In rat pituitary GH4C1 cells, binding sites for NF-Y reside in the near vicinity and were shown to be important for full activity of the PTH gene promoter [2].
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jun;87(6):2967-72. Related Articles, Links
25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-1alpha-hydroxylase expression in normal and pathological parathyroid glands.
Segersten U, Correa P, Hewison M, Hellman P, Dralle H, Carling T, Akerstrom G, Westin G.
Department of Surgical Sciences, Endocrine Unit, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
Active vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)], plays a pivotal role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Circulating levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) are thought to be dependent mainly on the activity of the renal cytochrome P450 enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-1alpha-hydroxylase (1alpha-hydroxylase), which is potently induced by PTH. However, 1alpha-hydroxylase activity or expression has also been reported at several extrarenal sites, at which local synthesis of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) appears to fulfill autocrine or paracrine functions. This includes tissues such as placenta and brain that also express LRP-2/megalin, an endocytic receptor for multiple ligands, which is involved in the renal uptake of the substrate for 1alpha -hydroxylase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3). We have previously demonstrated LRP-2/megalin in parathyroid cells, and here we present results from RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses showing coincident expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase in normal and pathological parathyroid tissue. With real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis, the expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase mRNA was higher in the majority of parathyroid adenomas and secondary hyperplastic glands but lower in parathyroid carcinomas, compared with normal parathyroid tissue. The findings imply that in addition to feedback control by circulating 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) levels, parathyroid cells may also be influenced by local 1alpha -hydroxylase activity with possible growth regulatory and differentiating effects.
PMID: 12050281 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Post by Max on Jul 13, 2005 12:09:00 GMT -5
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Post by Max on Jul 13, 2005 12:09:33 GMT -5
References:
[1] Knutson A, Hellman P, Akerstrom G, Westin G.
Characterization of the human Megalin/LRP-2 promoter in vitro and in primary parathyroid cells. DNA Cell Biol. 1998 Jun;17(6):551-60.
[2] Jaaskelainen T, Huhtakangas J, Maenpaa PH.
Negative regulation of human parathyroid hormone gene promoter by vitamin D3 through nuclear factor Y. (2005) Biochem Biophys Res Commun. Mar 25;328(4):831-7.
The negative regulation of the human parathyroid hormone (PTH) gene by biologically active vitamin D3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1,25(OH)2D3) was studied in rat pituitary GH4C1 cells, which express factors needed for the negative regulation. We report here that NF-Y binds to sequences downstream of the site previously reported to bind the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Additional binding sites for NF-Y reside in the near vicinity and were shown to be important for full activity of the PTH gene promoter. VDR and NF-Y were shown to exhibit mutually exclusive binding to the VDRE region. According to our results, sequestration of binding partners for NF-Y by VDR also affects transcription through a NF-Y consensus binding element in GH4C1 but not in ROS17/2.8 cells. These results indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 may affect transcription of the human PTH gene both by competitive binding of VDR and NF-Y, and by modulating transcriptional activity of NF-Y [2].
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Post by ann123456 on Apr 28, 2010 2:05:10 GMT -5
The Frenzyheart Tribe can only be found in the Sholazar Basin. wow power leveling These wolf-like NPC’s, Wolvar, aka Puppymen, fight an ongoing war with The Oracles, wow gold which is also a faction and can be found in the Sholazar Basin as well. Increasing your reputation wow power leveling with The Oracles will decrease your reputation with the Frenzyheart Tribe, so avoid that. wow gold Once you gain exalted reputation with the Frenzyheart Tribe however, you can choose to get exalted with The Oracles too. aion power leveling There is one quest that needs to be completed before you can gain reputation with the Frenzyheart Tribe. aion powerleveling The quest is called The Part-time Hunter and you receive this quest from WOTLK power leveling Tamara Wobblesprocket (50.5, 62.1). You must kill Pitch (50, 77) and this will be your first encounter with the Frenzyheart Tribe. EQ2 gold It is Gekgek that will give you a quest called Playing |
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Post by gfgsg on Sept 7, 2018 18:58:28 GMT -5
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